Non-arteriovenous fistula access is a prime risk factor for infection. The synthetic material of arteriovenous graft, commonly expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, is porous and therefore provides an opportune medium for the formation of biofilms, causing general infection. Biofilms make the resident microbes resistant to both natural and pharmacologic defences. The incidence of arteriovenous graft infection is from 9% (forearm) to 20% (tigh). While this is significantly lower than central venous catheter, it is ten times higher than arteriovenous fistula. Infection is a common cause graft loss.
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