Risk of infection associated with arteriovenous graft includes insufficient antisepsis during surgical procedure, length of function, repetitive cannulation, venipuncture technique with risk of contamination or hematoma formation. Other risk factors are history of multiple infections, number of surgical revisions,obesity and thrombosed. Moreover, patients on dialysis have compromised immune function, and those with diabetes are more prone to infection and poor wound healing. Graft site also impacts infection risk. Access infection is more likely to occur in tigh grafts than in upper extremity grafts due to potential for the enteric organism contamination. For this reason, placement of arteriovenous graft in lower extremity site is ussually a last resort.
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