Gram positive organisms are the main cause of graft infections, with Staphyllococcus aureus being the most common arteriovenous graft-related bacteria. Infection caused by Staphyllococcus aureus prone to more complications and worse outcomes than other infections. Consequences of arteriovenous graft infection include prolonged catheter-dependence leading to morbidity, multiple vascular-access procedures, loss of access site, lengthy hospitalizations, metastatic infection and patient mortality. Sepsis with multiple organ failure and endocarditis are other serous complications. One month prior to arteriovenous graft infrection, many patients may have a lower serum albumin level (albumin <3.5 mg/dl) - a well known mortality risk factor. Another consideration is occult infection of old non functioning arteriovenous graft, which has been linked to erythropoetin-resistant anemia and chronic inflammation.
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