Many, if not most, systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases are thought to be multifactorial, involving multiple genetic defects consistent with the threshold liability model of multifactorial inheritance. This model supposes a continuously distributed genetically determined liability to the development of disease. Individuals who develop disease will bear multiple disease susceptibility genes, first-degree relatives will have much higher risk of developing disease than the general population, second-degree relatives will have a moderate risk, and third-degree relatives will have low risk.
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