In comparing these two subsetting schemes-the first based on IgVH mutation status and the second on activation markers - CD38 ZAP-70 B-CLL clones generally use unmutated IgVH genes, whereas CD38 ZAO-70 B-CLL clones mainly use mutated IgVH region genes. Although the subdivision into CD38 ZAP-70 U-CLL and CD38 ZAP-70 M-CLL is true for the majority patients, it is not universal since about 25% of cases are discordant for the expression of the three markers.
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