B-CLL clones can be further subdivided based on their activation marker expression: in one group, the majority of leukemic cells express two activation markers, that is, CD38 and ZAP-70; and in the other, the majority of the cells lack by the these markers. The two molecules appear to be involved in the regulation of signals delivered by the BCR. The CD38ZAP-70 B-CLL subset is primarily characterized by the presence of more members of the leucemic clone-bearing markers of activated B cells. These activation marker-defined subgroups also differ in their expression of several other molecules up-regulated by cellular activation.
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