IL-2 is produced by stimulated CD4 T cells and induces clonal expansion of IL-2 T and B cells is used in immunodeficiency states such as HIV infection where IL-2 production is defective. In patients with HIV infection and baseline counts of CD4 above 200ml, intermitten IL-2 infusions have been shown to produce substantial and sustained increases in CD4 counts. IL-2 has side effects similar to IFN-α, with most of the effects being flu-like. The most serious side effect is IL-2 action on IL-1, IFN-γ and TNF, all mediators of vascular permeability, resulting in marked hypotension, pulmonary edema and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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