These observation from ex vivo functional studies are supported by studies in mice defficient in cytokine or cytokine receptor genes. For example, IL-2 deficient and IL-2Rα-deficient mice develop a marked enlargement of the peripheral lymphoid organs and polyclonal expansion of T and B cells, and this proliferation reflects the impairment of regulatory T cells and AICD. These mice develop autoimmune diseases such as hemolytic anemia and inflammatory bowel disease.
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