HIV infection typically manifest with an acute viral syndrome, followed by a period of immune control with relatively low viral loads and stable CD4 T cell counts. After this asymptomatic period of usually 8-10 years, viral loads increase, CD4 T cell counts drop and AIDS-defining opportunistic infections or malignancies occur in untreated patients. There are, however, some patients who display a superior HIV control. These "elite controllers" or "long-term non-progessores" have low viral loads and remain asymptomatic even for decades before the onset of AIDS.
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