In addition to the classical HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR antigens, the role of HLA-C and HLA-DQ antigens in terms of graft survival or sensitization is now documented. Analysis of the immunogenicity of incompatible HLA-A, HLA-B antigens in terms of the numbers of amino acid residue mismatches (epitope mismatches) is associated with better transplant outcome than conventional matching based on HLA typing by serology. Although anti-DP antibodies are frequently detected in sensitized patients, their impact on transplant outcome is still not clear and needs to be further evaluated. In the context of kidney transplantation from live donors, donor age and HLA matching have recently been shown to be independent donor-related risk factors associated with both decreased patient and graft survival
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